The Atkins Diet as Treatment for Children with Epilepsy :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Atkins Diet as Treatment for Children with Epilepsy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eric H. Kossoff and other scientists at the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions published the article â€Å"Efficacy of the Atkins diet as therapy for intractable epilepsy† which describes their experiment using the Atkins diet as therapy to reduce the number of seizures for children with epilepsy. Along with a variety of medications, the Ketogenic diet is also used as therapy to help epileptic patients control their seizures. The Ketogenic diet is similar to starvation in a sense that it only allows patients to consume an approximate of 1,500 calories a day, which is 25% less than the recommended daily allowance of 2,000 calories. Patients that use the Ketogenic diet consume a high fat, moderate protein, and low carbohydrate diet to induce a medical condition called ketosis. This condition is caused when the body does not have enough carbohydrates to complete the metabolism of fat leaving ketone bodies and it is believed that ketosis is responsible for controlling the seizures from occurring so frequently. The Atkins diet is much more flexible restricting only carbohydrates and allowing unlimited consumption of fats, proteins, and calories; therefore inducing the same medical condition, ketosis. Since both types of diet produces the same ketotic state and serves the same function to reduce the frequency of seizures, Kossoff and the other scientist hopes that the Atkins diet can be used as an alternative than the Ketogenic diet for children with epilepsy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Four patients under the age of 18 were involved in the experiment conducted by Kossoff and other scientists at John Hopkins to test if the Atkins diet can be used as a substitute instead of the Ketogenic diet to stimulate ketosis. In order to help all the patient transit smoothly the scientists did not change any of the medications that the patients were already on for the first two months. To assess the difference between the Ketogenic diet and the Atkins diet, scientists recorded the weight and

Investigating Meaningful Teaching Essay

Investigating Meaningful Teaching Daniel Bowen Grand Canyon University Special Education Foundation and Framework SPE-330 May 26, 2011 Investigating Meaningful Teaching Investigating what meaningful teaching is it is having teachers that are willing to teach to the whole student by having patience, compassion and developing a meaningful relationship with their students. Being a positive influence and having effective classroom management. An effective teacher is a teacher that wears many hats such as a coach, actor, cheerleader and friend. Having the ability to read their moods, body language, when and what may cause them to become frustrated. Also having a deep belief in each and every student has the ability to learn and achieve. In an interview with four teachers, two inclusion teachers and two self contain teachers was conducted. All four teachers were asked the same questions this being a summary of the results of that interview. (Grand Canyon University, n. d. ) In their opinions, what is necessary for a meaningful and worthwhile teaching and learning experience? All four teachers refer to having respect for each student and students having respect for them and being consistent in enforcing classroom rules. Maintain a set of routines so the students know what is expected of them each day. Know the laws that deal with Special Education. These laws are appt to change at any time. (Grand Canyon University, n. d. ) How is a meaningful learning experience for students related to the teacher’s philosophy of education? The teachers all feel in general that a meaningful education is synonymous with their philosophy. A student must be made to feel respected, valued, and to feel safe in the classroom. Discipline is as necessary as the text without it the learning process cannot be achieved. Each teacher believed that having the understanding that each student will learn on deferent levels and different ways. It was part of their philosophy to discover the uniqueness of every student. (Grand Canyon University, n. d. ) Why did you want to become teachers? Why do you continue teaching? The first part of this question is generic. They all were influence by a teacher or more than one teacher as they were growing up. The second part was a little different with each teacher. In general the challenge they face every day. Having a child all of a sodden come alive. They begin to grasp the math or reading at their level seeing the excitement in their eyes when a door opens for them that once was closed. The small rewards everyday is what kept them in the classroom. (Grand Canyon University, n. d. ) What are two or three of their most rewarding teaching experiences? Their most challenging? Two of the teachers stated that their most rewarding experience was in having a past student call them up with an invitation to their graduation. These students stating that they would not have made it through school if these two teachers did not believe in them from the start. The others where when they observed there student achieve the understanding of basic math without a calculator and one learning how to write their name for the first time at the age of thirteen. (Grand Canyon University, n. d. ) What changes would they like to make in teaching? Why? They all agreed that the change they would make would be Standardize testing the F-cat (Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test). The teachers have to teach the test and not what the student truly need to be successful in the classroom. They state the biggest problem with this test is that the government is trying to outsmart the student. It is believed that they design the test to make the students to fail. One example was given were a student was a straight â€Å"A† students her whole life all through elementary, middle and high school. She took the F-cat so she could graduate and failed. She could not graduate with her class. They feel the test is not fare to student with or without learning disabilities. The changes they all agreed with was to completely do away with the F-cat and much of the paper work and go back to letting teachers teach. (Grand Canyon University, n. d. ) The reason I want to become a teacher is the total opposite of the teachers interviewed. I never had a teacher that left a lasting impression on my life. I had no on to mentor me as I chose to become a teacher. I became a teacher because after a few industrial accidents left me unable do anything physical for a very long time. While I was looking for something I could do. A bus driving passion came open. So I became a bus driver. As I was driving the position of a substitute teacher open I became a substitute teacher because it paid two dollars more an hour. That was as a substitute teacher that and working with the student that made me decided to become a teacher full time. Watching students struggle with their work, being able to show them how to do it correctly, and having the opportunity to see the â€Å"ahh† factor. Being able to help students learn and see them as they learned is one of the greatest experiences I had in my life time. The decision to become a Special education teacher came a little later. It was the same as when I decided to become a teacher. It was having that one on one with the student. Being able to teach a class with children that were diagnose with Downs, Autistics, Mental Retardation and the list grows. I feel in love with these children and discovered the real need for teacher in this area. This is the reason I decided to join the ranks of Special Education teachers. Through the interview I discovered an even stronger desire to become a Special Education teacher. Through these teachers interview help to enforce what I already knew. Each student is a unique individual. Having different personalities, weakness, strengths, and learning styles. This becoming one of the greatest challenges is unlocking each student mind helping them to discover knowledge. References Grand Canyon University. Syllabus module 2 (n. d. ). http://angel103. gcu. edu/section/default. asp? id=835810

Argumentative Essay About Multitasking - 823 Words

Multitasking†¦. What is multitasking and why do people do it People do multitasking because they can get more things done at one time instead of having to do it one at a time which could take hours, but what outcome does it have on people who do multitask Multitasking can have a good outcome and a bad outcome. Many scientist have study kids who multitask a lot because they want to see if it has a bad or good outcome. The truth is it is both multitasking can have a bad effect on the brain but it is also good because you get more than one thing done at a time. A lot of the time kids think that multitasking is good but the parents and scientist think that it could have a bad outcome on their life. Scientist know that multitasking is†¦show more content†¦Kids want to multitask but their parents don’t want them to even though it’s not that bad unless you are doing something while driving that involves not paying attention to the road or the surroundings. Some parents don’t mind their kids multitasking but some don’t think that it’s a good idea because scientist say it’s not good. Scientist say that multitasking is bad but it is not really that bad it can be bad but it is also good. For instincts multitasking can be good when you’re working around the house but when someone is doing something in the car it is bad because you most likely won’t be paying attention to the road. Doing multiple things of information and entertainment while looking over stuff for school, working on homework, or when you’re in the class has become common actions of young people-so common that a lot of younger people hardly ever write a paper or complete problem set a different way. A professor at california state university-dominguez hills, marked down once a minute what the students were doing as they studied, a checklist on the form included: reading a book, writing on paper, facebook, engaging in instant messaging, texting, talking on the phone, watching television, listening to music, surfing the web. So people could prove whether their theory was correct. S o they observed 63 people ages 19-20 on how toShow MoreRelatedMastering Graduate Studies 1e32499 Words   |  130 PagesAs families are started and bills come due, people become consumed with their unique lives. However, the fact that you are reading this is proof that you have been â€Å"doing† life well, but you sense there is more to it. Few people really think deeply about their purpose in life and transcend the â€Å"doing† of life and explore the â€Å"being† of life. A â€Å"doing† life focuses on tasks, whereas a â€Å"being† life focuses on values. A â€Å"doing† life focuses on the needs of today and hopes good will come tomorrow. WhileRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesEnvironment 22 †¢ Improving Ethical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint LostRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages . . . . 378 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 389 394 399 . . . . . 469 Preface Thirty years ago, when the first edition of this book was published, little had been written about the management of libraries and information centers. Those seeking advice, examples, and information about how to manage libraries were forced to search for answers in the literature of public administration or business management. Since then, there has been a growing interest in the topic reflected

Conflict Theory And The Mexican Revolution - 2247 Words

Conflict Theory and the Mexican Revolution Makenna Nichols Political Science 324 Winter 2015 The Mexican Revolution was a time of massive death counts and extreme bloodshed. It occurred from 1910 during Porfirio Diaz’s last years as a dictator/president and ended with the Mexican Constitution of 1917. In the case of Mexico, the revolution was inevitable. Why do revolutions occur and specifically the Mexican Revolution? The large majority of the population was peasants and the lower class. Their needs were not met politically, socially and morally. There were many fighters of the revolution such as Francisco Madero, Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata. They fought for reform politically, economically and socially. After the revolution, a power vacuum was created and anyone who became the president was revolted against. Also, the Constitution of 1917 was created and is still used today. Evidence gathered through research should show that factors such as suppression and inequality as well as dictatorship under Porfirio Diaz were the factors that lead to this revolutionary t ime. Conflicts and revolutions have occurred throughout history from the beginning of time. These conflicts and revolutions can all be explained by one theory, Karl Marx’s Conflict Theory. This theory describes a two-class system and how the two classes opposing views ultimately lead to revolts and change of the traditional system. These opposing views stem from a suppressed and exploited working/lower class.Show MoreRelatedMexican Society in the eyes of Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim1118 Words   |  5 PagesIn the article titled â€Å"Mexican officials daughter gets restaurant closed after she didnt get table she wanted† gives us the opportunity to explore a current event in Mexican society and the influence of social media which we attempt to view through the eyes of both Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim. We will focus on Karl Marx’s conflict theory of capitalism and Emile Durkheim’s structural functionalism theory of dynamic density. Both theories remain relevan t today, and a correlation exists regardingRead MoreModern Mexican Society And Its Culture1616 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstand modern Mexican society and its culture we have to analyze its social, economic and political development through the early stages of industrialization and the conditions under which this development took place. Following the Marxist theory of Historical Materialism, we will look at the rise of capitalism during the Porfiriato (time period in which General Porfirio Diaz governed Mexico), the class conflicts arising during this time period that produced the Mexican Revolution of 1910, the politicalRead MoreThe Cultural And Racial Unity Of All Indigenous People1496 Words   |  6 PagesSince 1492, the year in which Christopher Columbus discovered the New World, the â€Å"Native Americans†, or â€Å"American Indians†, the original inhabitants of these newfound lands, became a source of dispute and conflict. The terminology of the word ‘Indi an’ suggests the cultural and racial unity of all indigenous people, but it was not an idea shared by them. On the contrary, a huge variety of languages, traditions, cultures, lifestyles, existed among the indigenous populations, and had done so for thousandsRead MoreIllegal Immigration Essay901 Words   |  4 Pagesplace because they are desperately looking for better opportunities, running away from famine, wars or violence. For instance, Mexico unfortunately has a poor economy with a high population and the country is still engaged in a war with various Mexican drug cartels which kills more than 80,000 people every year (â€Å"Reasons for Illegal Immigration). Therefore, United States, being one of the most prosperous countries, attracts many of these illegal immigrants. It provides freedom of speech and religionRead MoreCultural Relations Are Historically Filled With Conflict1298 Words   |  6 Pages Intra-cultural relations are historically filled with conflict; and to deal with this conflict: Gloria Anzaldua’s concepts of opposing cultures and language barriers, John Locke’s Equality theory, and Kwame Anthony Appiah’s global citizenship theory explores the issue and works towards better relations. According to Anzaldua, people are not of one culture, but in several cases, several clashing, distinct cultures. Anzaldua argues that language is part of our identity, and it is a barrier betweenRead MoreConflict Theories Focus On The Political Nature Of Crime1439 Words   |  6 PagesConflict theories focus on the political nature of crime and examine the creation and application of the law. Conflict theory fundamental assumption is that society is characterized more by conflict than by collective consensus. This characterization allows conflict theory to be viewed at on a continuous spectrum from different vantage points. On one end of the spectrum is the pluralistic view that infers that society is composed of different groups which are in a struggle for maintain their interestRead MoreThe Immigration Of Mexican Drug Cartels981 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom their homeland. For example, Mexico and most central and South America countries unfortunately have a poor economic, environmental and life is not easy to live there. These countries also still engaged in a war with various reasons. Especially; Mexican drug cartels which kills more than 80,000 people in every year. Therefore, United States being the main country that so many immigrants attract as they try to cross the border illegally. As they looking a place that provides freedom of speech andRead MoreCrucial To Understanding The Appeal Of A Multi-National1714 Words   |  7 Pagesas creative destruction. Using international relations concepts, I will explain why the formation of the North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) strengthened US-Mexico relations by increasing their economic ties, decreasing the probability of conflict, and promoting cultural exchange. The creation of a formal economic union between Mexico, the United States, and Canada added millions of jobs, increased family incomes, and reduced unemployment in North American economies in the years that followedRead MoreA Glorious Defeat1212 Words   |  5 Pages For the Glory of Mexico In this book, Timothy J. Henderson examines the origins, outcomes, and modern-day consequences of the Mexican-American War (1846-1848). A Glorious Defeat is organized around two central questions: why did Mexico go to war with the United States in 1846 and why did the war go so badly for Mexico? Henderson does provide the answers to these questions, based on the reader having some knowledge of the expansionist history that the US partook in with its southern neighborsRead MoreThe s Concept Of Cuban Nationalism Essay2021 Words   |  9 Pagesnational Latin American identity while still tying in cultural aspects of Spain and North America that he had picked up during his time spent in exile. Josà © Martà ­Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s vision for an independent Cuba united Latin Americans all over the world and incited a revolution that would define a new future Cuban National Identity for better or for worse. Josà © Martà ­ spent the majority of his life in exile, so much so that he no longer considered himself a son of Cuba, but rather of America a country he had grown to

A Psychoanalytical Reading of Everyday Use by Alice Walker

Eman Mohammed A psychoanalytical reading of Everyday Use by Alice Walker In everyday use the story is about a black family consists of two daughters and a mother. Its main idea is the attachment between each character to the past and to their family. Each character has different perspective towards the past. In my following essay I intend to look deeply in the characters mind by applying the psychoanalytical reading which can present details not only about the text but also about the author. There are different angles of this field and Im going to tackle some of them; by means of using some Freudian terms I will depend on the character analysis method and by referring to the characters in relation with the author†¦show more content†¦The other point is that in her day dreaming she fantasizes about how she would like her relationship with Dee to be:Youve no doubt seen those TV shows where the child who has made it is confronted†¦But that are a mistake. I know even before I wake up. The mother desires to have a sentimental relations hip with Dee is apparent. Moving to Dees character she appears as a selfish girl in which her actions are controlled by her id. In the story she always wants to satisfy her desires and doesnt care to the people whom she will hurt while trying to get what she wants. As she arrives she begins to ask for things and collecting objects that she will show it off to her friends. Here, the desire of wanting something is shown in her collecting of these things , so she has the desire to back into her original roots because it become fashionable . The mother thinks that she will never bring her friends over to her house because she is embarrassed by her mother’s humble. Surprisingly, she brings her boyfriend; she brings him only to show off what they have of heritage. Consciously, she believes that she is the better in her family in understanding her past and heritage but unconsciously, she revealed the opposite. This is shown in changing her name; she doesnt want to be called so because she doesnt wan t to be named after someone else thus, she wants to be separated from her past, I couldnt bear it any longer, being

Daphnia free essay sample

But in each case, the body temperature must remain within the acceptable limits that are inherent to that species. For example, although humans have adapted to survival in a wide range of environmental temperatures, the temperature of the body must remain relatively close to the ideal ICC in order to avoid any impairment of physiological functions. The ideal body temperature may change with each species, but the general principle remains the same: the normal physiological processes of an organism can only be carried out within a relatively narrow range of temperatures. Fortunately, humans, like most mammals and birds, are endothermic, which meaner that most of the body heat is derived from its own metabolism. In order to maintain a fairly constant body temperature, a combination of behavioral and physiological adaptations is utilized. For example, when endothermic get too cold, they may increase heat production by moving around, shivering, and releasing hormones that increase their metabolic rate. We will write a custom essay sample on Daphnia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When they get too hot, they may pant or sweat. In addition, endothermic may alter their blood flow, utilize their insulation (fat, feathers, r fur), or simply relocate to a warmer or cooler area. This type of thermal physiology is especially advantageous for a few reasons. First, it enables marine and terrestrial endothermic to maintain a relatively constant body temperature when faced with severe environmental temperature fluctuations (homeostasis). Second, it allows these animals to endure vigorous activity for fairly long periods of time due to their high levels of aerobic metabolism (cellular respiration). This is especially important to terrestrial animals because moving on land requires a much greater effort than moving in water. An alternative type of thermal physiology is referred to as ectoderm. Isotherms rely almost entirely on environmental sources of heat to warm their bodies. Most invertebrates, fishes, reptiles, and amphibians are included in this classification. The term cold-blooded is often used to describe isotherms, but this is sometimes misleading. Often times these so-called cold-blooded animals actually have active body temperatures that are higher than those of mammals. An example of this is seen in the desert iguana Spymaster. Permission granted to make unlimited copies for use in any one school building. For educational use only. Not for commercial use or resale. 2002 WARDS Natural Science Establishment, Inc. All Rights Reserved Daphnia produce most of their young without mating. This is known as parthenogenesis reproduction. (Duplicitous dorsal), which has one of the highest preferred body temperatures known for any vertebrate 1000 to 1080 Fahrenheit! The advantage of being an ectoderm is that very little energy is used to maintain body temperature, since this is taken care of by the environment. For example, when a lizards body temperature is cool, it will sit in the sun to raise its temperature back up again. When it gets too warm, the lizard will seek shade to cool off again. In addition, isotherms are able to produce a small amount of heat metabolically at low rates, and use some physiological meaner of triangulation. However, isotherms have a bit of a disadvantage in that they are somewhat limited as to the environments that they can inhabit. Alaska is certainly not an ideal home for a lizard! We can easily study an isotherms rate of metabolism by examining the water flea, Daphnia magna. Daphnia are of great importance in the aquatic food chain and are a principle t staple tort young and adult ties. The body tot a Daphnia is translucent which makes the beating, football-shaped heart readily visible under a microscope. Because the heart rate is variable with water temperature, it is easy to alter the Dauphins heart rate and observe the changes. 2 0 2002 WARDS Natural Science Establishment, Inc. OBJECTIVES Illustrate and label the main anatomical structures of a Daphnia Alter the temperature of a Dauphins environment and quantify the changes in its heart rate Differentiate between endothermic and exothermic animals Understand the advantages and disadvantages of each type of hierological An adult blue whale, with a heart the size of a small car, NAS one tot the slowest heart rates To 6 beats per minute. Petroleum Jelly Daphnia culture PROCEDURE Obtain each of the following: 50 ml room temperature water 50 ml ice water 250 ml beaker Heat protective gloves are recommended when working with hot plates GLOVES 2. Place 150 ml of tap water in the beaker and allow it to boil on a hot plate. While you wait, proceed to Step 3. . Set the lid of the Petri dish aside and fill the bottom of the dish with 25 ml of room temperature water (approximately ICC). 4. Place a dab of petroleum Jelly in the center of a microscope slide. Obtain a graduated pipette and cut the pipette at the line mark ed . 5. Use this pipette to place one large Daphnia on the dab of petroleum Jelly. Make sure that the Daphnia cannot swim away and then pour off all of the extra water from the slide into the upside-down lid of the Petri dish. 6. Dispense 25 ml of room temperature water into the Petri dish (not the lid). Place the lied with the Daphnia in the dish, and allow it to sit for at least one minute to equilibrate. 7. Place the entire dish on the stage of a stereoscopes. 8. Look through the microscope and locate the beating heart of the Daphnia, which sits behind the dark line of the digestive tract. Draw what you see in the space below. Be sure to label the heart as well as any other anatomical structures you may recognize. 9. Practice counting the number of heart beats in a 15 second period: Have one partner keep track of the time while the other observes. Once the observer indicates that hey are ready, the timing should begin. Switch positions and repeat this practice. Do not move on to the next step until both partners feel comfortable measuring the heartbeat. A hummingbirds heart beats about 1,000 times per minute. HINT It may be helpful for the observer to count in increments often and keep track of every tenth beat by counting off with their fingers (I. E. , three fingers would equal thirty beats). 10. Take the temperature of the room temperature water in the Petri dish and record this number in Table 1. Count the number of times the heart beats over a period tot 5 seconds and record this data Repeat the count three more times and record your results in Table 1 . 11. Remove the slide and empty the Petri dish of the water. Fill the dish with approximately 30 ml of ice water and place the slide in the dish. Let the preparation acclimate for one minute on the stage of the stereoscopes. 12. Again locate and focus in on the heart of the Daphnia. Record the temperature of the water and measure the Dauphins heart rate as before. Record the data in Table 13. Gradually add the boiling water to the Petri dish while gently stirring and keeping rac k of the temperature. At ICC intervals, take a heart rate measurement and record the temperature and the number of heart beats in Table 1. If the Petri dish gets too full, simply remove some of the water to make room for more. DID YOU KNOW? The average human heart beats 72 times per minute. Within one day, the heart beats over 100,000 times. 14. Stop taking heart rate measurements when the Dauphins heart rate stops changing, or when you can no longer measure the heart rate of the specimen. 15. Study Figure 1 below and compare it to your Daphnia drawing.

International Business Issues and Ethics

Abstract This report evaluates the business ethics and practices at British Airways and Wal-Mart in light of the prevailing political, social, ethical and legal backgrounds. It contrasts the political, social, ethical and legal phenomena in the Britain and USA, the home of these two companies respectively, and how the factors determine decision making at management level.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Business Issues and Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Business ethics, especially regarding labor relations has been chosen because it is a shared challenge between the two firms. British Airways and Wal-Mart have a history of labor relations problems. This report focuses on how these factors influence management of labor relations in the two firms and the resultant outcomes. International Business Issues and Ethics As globalization evolves so is international business. Globally, business has g rown to an extent that international businesses are now sharing similar business challenges. This is due to the emergence of international business models. It is worth noting that despite the fact that international firms are facing almost the same problems world over, there are factors determine how these problems are approached in each country. These factors include political, social, legal and ethical. Each country has a set of unique norms and cultural orientations that determine the type of ethical systems that exist. This means that businesses are regulated using different ethics from country to country. Therefore, company managers have to ensure that they are conversant with the ethical systems of the countries within which their businesses operate. These ethical systems influence decision making (The Sullivan Foundation, n. d.). Two companies, Wal-Mart and British Airways have one similar problem: labor relations disputes. The two corporate giants have been received numerous trade suits in the resent past most of them regarding labor relations. Management decisions in the two companies in response to the issue of labor relations vary because of the prevailing political, social, legal and ethical factors in Britain and America. The political environment in America is different from the political environment in Britain. In America, large corporations are allowed to contribute financially to government projects as well as political campaigns. Such contributions are used by these companies to establish political links with the Senate, and later use those links to create business advantage. Wal-Mart, being one of the leading political financers in America, has gained huge popularity within government circles. The company uses its close links with the government to induce major decisions at Senate level. The company has used its political connection in Washington to keep all its employees from being unionized (Quinn, 2000).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More British Airways operates under a different political environment that requires employers to unionize their employees. The company aims at keeping a balance between negotiating with individual staff members and the staff unions. The company has an efficient communication strategy that facilitates effective negotiation with individual employees as well as staff unions (Blyton Turnbull, 2004). Wal-Mart is opposed to allowing its employees to join staff unions as it sees this as the best way to maintain its competitive advantage over its competitors. The company believes that keeping employees un-unionized is for the best interest of the company as well as the employees. The company also sees this as an effective business practice that will help it maintain its position as the number one retailer globally. As such, the management fights staff unionization at all cost (Quinn, 2000 ). This means that the management at Wal-Mart follows a pragmatic approach to labor issues, something akin to ethical relativism (Prawda, 2009). The company’s decisions regarding labor relation are thus pragmatic. One of the most esteemed business practices at British Airways is to keep employees happy and satisfied. As such the company allows for unionization of its staff members. Due to the heavy presence of unions, the company’s management decision making especially regarding labor relations is more structured and procedural. The company in making major business decisions has to negotiate with employees through their trade unions (Blyton Turnbull, 2004). Absence of staff unions at Wal-Mart means that the company has an automatic legal advantage over its staff whenever labor relation issues arise. Wal-Mart’s effort to limit unionization of its employees is a legal tool to evade any legal liabilities (Quinn, 2000). For British Airways, the heavy presence of la bor unions means that most of the labor disputes end up in court or in employment tribunals. As such, the company has more legal liabilities and has to negotiate intensely with employees as well as trade unions to avoid any legal suits. This also means that the management decision making is inclined towards meeting employees’ interests. The companies approach to labor relations based on the human rights theory (Prawda, 2009). Social factors also play a role management decision making in both companies. In America, the popularity of an organization is seen in terms of its business ethics. Companies with unpopular ethics loose public support. This also means loss of business. To avoid such losses, the management at Wal-Mart engages reputable public relations firms to take care of the company’s public image.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Business Issues and Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page L earn More As such public relation is part of decision making at Walmart (Quinn, 2000). British Airways is also interested in maintaining a reputable public image. As such the company chooses a different path from Wal-Mart. British Airways uses its contact with staff unions as the best tool to manage its public relations. This means that the company sees employees’ relations as the best way to improve its public relations and corporate image (British Airways, 2009). When compared to Wal-Mart, British Airways has more business liabilities due to the business environment it operates in. most of these liabilities are brought about by the fact that the company has tied its labor relations to staff unions. This means that British Airways employees have collective bargaining power, which comes with more rights. The situation in America is quite different, with company’s using their political links for their own business advantage. The implication of such differences is that firm in the two countries have different approaches to management. Reference List Blyton, P., Turnbull, P. (2004). The dynamics of employee relations. Houndmills:` Palgrave. British Airways. (2009). The way we run our business. Retrieved from http://www.britishairways.com/cms/global/microsites/ba_reports0809/pdfs/Workplace.pdf Prawda, G. (2009). The cultural dimension of business ethics. Retrieved from http://philodialogue.com/40-2/ Quinn, B. (2000). How Wal-Mart is destroying America and the world. Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Sullivan Foundation. (n. d.). The global Sullivan principles. Web. This essay on International Business Issues and Ethics was written and submitted by user Vertigo to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.